Chonde fufuzani mu glossary, yomwe imapereka matanthauzidwe osavuta a mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambirikuyatsa, kamangidwe ndi kamangidwe.Mawu, acronyms, ndi nomenclature amafotokozedwa m'njira yomwe ambiri opanga magetsi amamvetsetsa.
Chonde dziwani kuti matanthauzidwe awa akhoza kukhala okhazikika ndipo amangokhala ngati chiwongolero.
A
Kuunikira kwamphamvu: Mtundu wa kuwala komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa chidwi kapena kutsindika chinthu kapena nyumba inayake.
Zowongolera zosinthika: Zipangizo monga masensa oyenda, ma dimmers ndi zowerengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuyatsa panja kuti zisinthe kukula kwa kuwala kapena kutalika kwa nthawi.
Kuwala kozungulira: Mulingo wamba wa kuunikira mumlengalenga.
Angstrom: Kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a gawo la zakuthambo, 10-10 mita kapena 0.1 nanometer.
B
Zododometsa: Chinthu chowonekera kapena chosawoneka bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa gwero la kuwala kuti liwoneke.
Ballast: Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyali popereka mphamvu yamagetsi, yapano ndi/kapena yofunikira.
Beam kufalikira: Mphepete pakati pa mayendedwe awiri pa ndege pomwe mphamvuyo imakhala yofanana ndi gawo lina lamphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri 10%.
Kuwala: Kuchuluka kwa kutengeka komwe kumadza chifukwa chowonera malo omwe amatulutsa kuwala.
Babu kapena nyali: Gwero la kuwala.Msonkhano wonse uyenera kusiyanitsa (onani luminaire).Babu ndi nyumba nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa nyali.
C
Candela: Chigawo champhamvu.Candela: Chigawo cha mphamvu yowala.Poyamba ankatchedwa kandulo.
Njira yogawa ma candlepower(yomwe imatchedwanso chiwembu chogawa makandulo): Ichi ndi chithunzi cha kusiyanasiyana kwa kuwala kwa nyali kapena nyali.
Candlepower: Kuwala kowala kowonekera ku Candelas.
CIE: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage.Bungwe la International Light Commission.Miyezo yambiri yowunikira imayikidwa ndi International Light Commission.
Coefficient of Utilization - CU: Chiŵerengero cha kuwala kowala (lumens), cholandiridwa ndi chowunikira pa "workplane" [malo omwe kuwala kumafunikira], ku ma lumens omwe kuwalako kumatulutsa.
Kupereka mitundu: Zotsatira za gwero lowunikira pamawonekedwe amitundu yazinthu poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe ake akakhala masana.
Mtundu Wopereka Mlozera CRI: Muyeso wa momwe gwero lowunikira lomwe lili ndi CCT linalake limapereka mitundu poyerekezera ndi gwero lolozera lomwe lili ndi CCT yomweyo.CRI yamtengo wapatali imapereka kuunikira bwino pamlingo womwewo kapena wocheperako.Simuyenera kusakaniza nyali zomwe zili ndi ma CCT kapena ma CRI osiyanasiyana.Mukamagula nyali, tchulani onse CCT ndi CRI.
Cones ndi Ndodo: Magulu a maselo osamva kuwala omwe amapezeka mu retina ya maso a nyama.Ma cones amakhala ochuluka pamene kuwala kuli kwakukulu ndipo amapereka maonekedwe a mtundu.Ndodo ndizowoneka bwino pakuwala kotsika koma sizimapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtundu.
Conspicuity: Kuthekera kwa chizindikiro kapena uthenga kuti uwonekere kuchokera kumbuyo kwake m'njira yomwe ingawoneke mosavuta ndi maso.
Kutentha Kwamtundu Wogwirizana (CCT): Mulingo wa kutentha kapena kuzizira kwa kuwala mu madigiri a Kelvin (degK).Nyali zomwe zili ndi CCT zosakwana madigiri 3,200 Kelvin amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunda.Nyali zokhala ndi CCT zokulirapo kuposa 4,00 degK zimawoneka zoyera ngati buluu.
Cosine Law: Kuunikira pamwamba kumasintha ngati ngodya ya cosine ya kuwala kwa chochitika.Mutha kuphatikiza malamulo osinthika a square ndi cosine.
Mbali Yodula: Mbali yoduka ya luminaire ndi yomwe imayesedwa kuchokera ku nadir yake.Molunjika pansi, pakati pa mzere wowongoka wa nyali ndi mzere woyamba momwe babu kapena nyali sizikuwoneka.
Chithunzi Chojambula: IES imatanthawuza cholumikizira cha cutoff ngati "Kulimba pamwamba pa 90deg chopingasa, zosapitilira 2.5% zowunikira komanso zosapitilira 10% zowunikira pamwamba pa 80deg".
D
Kusintha kwamdima: Njira yomwe diso limasinthira ku zounikira zosakwana 0.03 candela (0.01 footlambert) pa lalikulu mita.
Diffuser: Chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira kuwala kuchokera pamalo ounikira.
Dimmer: Dimmers amachepetsa zofunikira zolowera mphamvu za nyali za fulorosenti ndi nyali za incandescent.Magetsi a fulorosenti amafunikira ma dimming ballast apadera.Mababu a incandescent amasiya kugwira ntchito atachepetsedwa.
Lumala Glare: Kuwala komwe kumachepetsa mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.Kukhoza limodzi ndi kusapeza bwino.
Kuwala kosasangalatsa: Kuwala komwe kumayambitsa kusapeza bwino koma sikuchepetsa kwenikweni mawonekedwe.
E
Kuchita bwino: Mphamvu yamagetsi yowunikira kuti ikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.Kuyezedwa mu lumens/watt (lm/W), ichi ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa kutulutsa kwa kuwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuchita bwino: Muyeso wa kutulutsa kapena mphamvu ya dongosolo poyerekezera ndi zomwe walowetsa.
Electromagnetic spectrum (EM): Kugawidwa kwa mphamvu zotulutsidwa kuchokera ku gwero lowala motsatana ndi mafupipafupi kapena kutalika kwa mafunde.Phatikizanipo kunyezimira kwa gamma, X-ray, ultraviolet, mawonekedwe, infrared ndi ma radio wavelengths.
Mphamvu (mphamvu yowala): unit ndi joule kapena erg.
F
Kuyatsa kwa facade: Kuwala kwa nyumba yakunja.
Kusintha: Msonkhano wokhala ndi nyali mkati mwa njira yowunikira.Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zomwe zimayang'anira kutuluka kwa kuwala, kuphatikizapo chowonetsera, chotsutsa, ballast, nyumba ndi zomata.
Ma Lumens okhazikika: Kutulutsa kwa kuwala kwa chowunikira pambuyo pokonzedwa ndi ma optics.
Kusintha kwa Watts: Mphamvu yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chowunikira.Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi nyali ndi ballasts.
Chigumula: Chowunikira chomwe chimapangidwira kuti "chisefukire", kapena kusefukira, malo odziwika bwino okhala ndi zowunikira.
Flux (kuthamanga kwa kuwala): Unit ndi watts kapena erg/sec.
Kandulo: Kuunikira pamtunda wopangidwa ndi gwero la mfundo zomwe zimatulutsidwa mofanana pa kandela imodzi.
Footlambert (nyali): Kuwala kwapakati pa malo otulutsa kapena onyezimira pamlingo wa 1 lumen pa sikweya imodzi.
Kukonzekera kwathunthu: Malinga ndi IES, ichi ndi chowongolera chomwe chimakhala ndi ma lumens opitilira 10% kuposa madigiri a 80.
Full Shield Fixture: Chingwe chomwe sichilola kuti mpweya uliwonse udutse pamwamba pa ndege yopingasa.
G
Kuwala: Kuwala kochititsa khungu, kowala kwambiri komwe kumachepetsa kuwoneka.Kuwala komwe kumakhala kowala kwambiri kuposa momwe diso limasinthira.
H
HID nyali: Kuwala komwe kumatulutsa (mphamvu) mu nyali yotulutsa mpweya kumapangidwa pamene magetsi akudutsa mu gasi.Mercury, metal halide ndi nyali zapamwamba za sodium ndi zitsanzo za High-intensity Discharge (HID).Nyali zina zoyatsira ndi fluorescent ndi LPS.Zina mwa nyalizi zimakutidwa mkati kuti zisinthe mphamvu ya ultraviolet kuchokera ku kutuluka kwa gasi m'mawonekedwe.
HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) nyale: Nyali ya HID yomwe imatulutsa ma radiation kuchokera ku nthunzi ya sodium pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu.(100 Torr) HPS kwenikweni ndi "source-source".
Chishango chakumbali cha nyumba: Zinthu zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwala kuti zisawalire panyumba kapena nyumba ina.
I
Kuwala: Kuchulukana kwa zochitika zowoneka bwino zowuluka pamtunda.Chipangizocho ndi nyali (kapena lux).
IES/IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America): Bungwe la akatswiri opanga zowunikira kuchokera kwa opanga ndi akatswiri ena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuyatsa.
Nyali ya Incandescente: Kuwala kumapangidwa pamene ulusi umatenthedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mpaka kutentha kwakukulu.
Ma radiation a infrared: Mtundu wa ma radiation a electromagnetic omwe amakhala ndi kutalika kwa mafunde kuposa kuwala kowoneka.Imachokera kumphepete kofiira kwa mawonekedwe owoneka pa 700 nanometers mpaka 1 mm.
Kulimba: Kuchuluka kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kapena kuwala.
Malingaliro a kampani International Dark-Sky Association, Inc.: Gulu lopanda phindu ili likufuna kudziwitsa anthu za kufunikira kwa thambo lamdima komanso kufunika kowunikira panja kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Inverse-square Law: Kuchuluka kwa kuwala pa malo omwe apatsidwa kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi mtunda wake kuchokera ku gwero, d.E = Ine/d2
J
K
Kilowati-ola (kWh): Kilowatts ndi ma watts 1000 amphamvu omwe amagwira ntchito kwa ola limodzi.
L
Moyo wa Nyali: Avereji ya moyo wamtundu wina wa nyale.Nyali yapakati idzakhala nthawi yaitali kuposa theka la nyali.
LED: Diode yotulutsa kuwala
Kuwonongeka kwa kuwala: zovuta zilizonse za kuwala kochita kupanga.
Kuwala Quality: Ichi ndi chiyeso cha chitonthozo ndi malingaliro omwe munthu ali nawo potengera kuunikira.
Kuwala Kwambiri: Kutayika kosafunidwa kapena kutayikira kwa kuwala kumadera oyandikana nawo, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zolandilira monga nyumba ndi malo okhala ndi chilengedwe.
Kuphwanya Kuwala: Kuwala kukakhala komwe sikukufunidwa kapena kukufunika.Kuwonongeka kowala Kuwala komwe kumakhala kosokoneza
Zowongolera Zowunikira: Zida zomwe zimazimitsa kapena kuyatsa magetsi.
Zithunzi za Photocell: Zomverera zomwe zimayatsa kapena kuzimitsa magetsi kutengera mulingo wachilengedwe.Njira yomwe ili patsogolo kwambiri imatha kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kuwonjezera kuwala.Komanso onani: Adaptive Controls.
Low-Pressure Sodium Lamp (LPS): Kuwala kotulutsa komwe kuwala kumapangidwa ndi ma radiation a nthunzi ya sodium pansi pa kupsinjika pang'ono (pafupifupi 0.001 Torr).Nyali ya LPS imatchedwa "chubu-source".Ndi monochromatic.
Lumeni: Unit for luminous flux.Kuthamanga komwe kumapangidwa ndi gwero limodzi la mfundo imodzi kumatulutsa mphamvu yofanana ya 1 candela.
Lumen depreciation factor: Kuwala kwa nyali kumachepa pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya nyali, kudzikundikira dothi ndi zina.
Luminaire: Chigawo chonse chowunikira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zida, ma ballast ndi nyali.
Luminaire Efficiency (Kuwala kwa Emission Ratio): Chiŵerengero cha pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumachokera ku chounikira ndi kuwala kopangidwa ndi nyali zotsekedwa.
Kuwala: Mfundo yopita kumalo enaake ndi kulimba kwa kuwala komwe kumapangidwa mbali imeneyo ndi chinthu chozungulira mfundoyo, yogawidwa ndi malo omwe akuwonetsedwa ndi chinthucho pa ndege yofanana ndi njirayo.Mayunitsi: makandulo pagawo lililonse.
Lux: Lumen imodzi pa lalikulu mita.Chigawo chowunikira.
M
Nyali ya Mercury: Nyali yobisika yomwe imatulutsa kuwala potulutsa ma radiation kuchokera ku mercury vapour.
Nyali ya Metal-halide (HID): Nyali yomwe imatulutsa kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a metal-halide.
Kutalika kokwera: Kutalika kwa nyali kapena choyikapo pamwamba pa nthaka.
N
Nadir: Mfundo ya dziko lapansi yakumwamba yomwe ili yosiyana kwambiri ndi zenith, komanso pansi pa wowonera.
Nanometer: Gawo la nanometer ndi 10-9 mita.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mafunde amtundu wa EM spectrum.
O
Zomverera za Occupancy
* Passive infrared: Dongosolo loyang'anira zowunikira lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito nyali za infrared kuti zizindikire kuyenda.Sensa imayendetsa makina owunikira pamene matabwa a infrared asokonezedwa ndi kuyenda.Pambuyo pa nthawi yokonzedweratu, dongosololi lidzazimitsa magetsi ngati palibe kusuntha komwe kwadziwika.
* Ultrasonic: Iyi ndi njira yowunikira yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma pulses amtundu wapamwamba kwambiri kuti azindikire kusuntha pogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira kozama.Sensa imayendetsa njira yowunikira pamene mafunde a phokoso amasintha.Dongosolo lidzazimitsa magetsi pakapita nthawi inayake popanda kuyenda.
Optic: Zigawo za nyali, monga zowunikira ndi zowunikira zomwe zimapanga gawo lomwe limatulutsa kuwala.
P
Zithunzi: Muyezo wa kuchuluka kwa milingo ya kuwala ndi kugawa.
Photocell: Chida chomwe chimasintha kuwala kwa nyali potengera milingo yozungulira yozungulira.
Q
Ubwino wa kuwala: Muyeso wokhazikika wa zabwino ndi zoyipa za kukhazikitsa kowunikira.
R
Zowunikira: Optics yomwe imayang'anira kuwala kudzera mukuwunikira (pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi).
Refractor (yotchedwanso lens): Chida chowunikira chomwe chimawongolera kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito refraction.
S
Semi-cutoff fixture: Malinga ndi IES, "Kulimba pamwamba pa 90deg chopingasa sikuposa 5% ndipo pa 80deg kapena kupitirira apo palibe 20%".
Kuteteza: Chowoneka bwino chomwe chimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa kuwala.
Skyglow: Kuwala kosiyana, komwazika mumlengalenga komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala komwazika kuchokera pansi.
Source Intensity: Uku ndiko mphamvu ya gwero lililonse, kumbali yomwe ingakhale yosokoneza komanso kunja kwa dera lomwe liyenera kuyatsidwa.
Kuwala: Chowunikira chowunikira chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chiwunikire malo odziwika bwino, ochepa.
Kuwala kosokera: Kuwala komwe kumatulutsa ndikugwera kunja kwa malo omwe akufunidwa kapena ofunikira.Kulakwira kopepuka.
T
Task Lighting: Kuunikira ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira ntchito zinazake popanda kuunikira dera lonse.
U
Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet: Mtundu wa ma radiation a electromagnetic okhala ndi mafunde pakati pa 400 nm ndi 100 nm.Ndi lalifupi kuposa kuwala kowoneka, koma lalitali kuposa X ray.
V
Kuwala kwa chophimba (VL): Kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi magwero owala owoneka pamwamba pa chithunzi cha diso, kumachepetsa kusiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe.
Kuwoneka: Kuzindikila ndi diso.Kuwona bwino.Cholinga cha kuyatsa usiku.
W
Chikwama: Chowunikira chomwe nthawi zambiri chimamangiriridwa kumbali kapena kumbuyo kwa nyumba kuti chiwunikire.
X
Y
Z
Zenith: Mfundo "pamwamba" kapena mwachindunji "pamwamba", malo enaake pa dziko lapansi lolingaliridwa lakumwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-02-2023
